VIKING BROOCH (800–1100 AD) Type of artifact: A fibula (commonly called a brooch) from the Viking Age, dated to around 800–1100 AD. It was a key clothing element used to fasten thick coats, capes, or robes at the shoulder. Origin: Authentic Scandinavian craftsmanship of the Early Middle Ages. It features a minimalism of functional form native to Nordic culture and an exceptionally durable construction. Material: Ancient copper alloy (bronze). Patina and colors: Based on the attached photos, the surface of the object is covered with a natural, centuries-old patina dominated by matte, dark green and olive tones. In some places, lighter, rough clusters of mineral verdigris are visible, mixed with dark brown, earthy deposits in the recesses. This confirms that the bronze lay in the ground for many centuries. Frame and needle characteristics: The construction is based on an open, regular ring with a slightly flattened cross-section. The fastening pin has a wide, flattened top wrapped around the frame, which then turns into a tapering, sharp-tipped shaft that pierces the fabric. Pattern (incisions on the frame): A special and distinguishing feature of this piece is a clear, geometric zonal ornament on the ring arch. It consists of a series of dense, parallel, vertical incisions (grooves) that cover the frame of the object. They create a rhythmic, ribbed structure and give the brooch a unique decorative character. This type of incision is highly characteristic of Viking brooches from that historical period and serves as a classic example of functional decoration from that time. Terminal features: In these photos, the arms of the ring turn into shorter, straight, and truncated ends that do not go as deep down, stabilizing the clasp right next to the rim. Condition: A complete, fully integral artifact with no structural damage, presented in a straight, geometric front alignment. The fastening needle rests stably against the ring, showing the perfect synergy of all component elements from the era. Documentation and legality: I include a full certificate of authenticity with the item. The document contains signatures and expert opinions of an anthropologist and an independent archaeology and excavation professional specializing in artifacts from that historical period. Provenance: Private collection (F.B) United States