Herodotus of Halicarnassus, the first in the line of ancient Greek historians, has been named the “Father of History.” His work, Histories, constitutes the primary source of information on the Persian Wars, as well as on other civilizations such as the Egyptian and the Persian. In the course of his inquiries, he traveled extensively throughout the known world of his time (Egypt, Phoenicia, Persia), and later participated in the colonization of Thurii. His narrative contains numerous digressions that provide a vast wealth of information about the peoples of his era, earning him also the title of father of ethnography. Although Herodotus often introduced metaphysical causes in his explanations of historical events, he was the first to apply fundamental principles of historical science, such as the critical evaluation of sources, the cross-checking of information, and personal observation. Despite long-standing debates regarding his reliability, modern historical and archaeological research generally leads to a positive reassessment of his work and recognizes his pioneering contribution to the development of historical scholarship.