Arte

Interiores e decoração

Joalharia e pedras preciosas

Relógios, canetas e isqueiros

Moda

Moedas e selos

Banda desenhada e animação

Carros, motos e automobilia

Vinho, uísque e bebidas espirituosas

Arte tribal e asiática

Cromos e cartas

Brinquedos e modelismo

Arqueologia e história natural

Desporto

Música, cinema e câmeras

Livros e memorabilia histórica

Os livros mais antigos e mais preciosos trazidos até si por {name}

Ilaria Colombo

Ethiopian Coptic scroll or kitab amulet - Ethiopia.

This scroll  measures approximately  7 cm long and 3.5 cm wide.

Ethiopia has a complex religious history, experiencing Christian rule in the 4th century, then experiencing increasing Islamic influence in the 8th century. The earliest extant Ethiopian talismanic scrolls date to the 16th century, but are thought to be in use since the 10th century.The scrolls are an intermingling of all the Abrahamic faiths with indigenous African roots.As the scrolls are highly personalized, their purposes vary, but serve three broad functions: to protect and heal, to exert external influence, and to practice ritual employment. The scrolls are part of a larger ritual tradition rooted in Christian Exorcism Practices.

The scrolls are written in Geʽez, which has few remaining speakers, but is the official liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. To activate the scrolls, a third-party interpreter literate in Geʽez must read the scroll to the afflicted. The scrolls treat illness by extracting demons from the patient's body. They are commissioned by the patient from an unordained religious figure in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church known as a dabatara. Dabataras craft each scroll to the specialized needs of the patient seeking help, traditionally utilizing animal hide. The creation process involves a sacrificial ritual to obtain the hide, with the animal symbolizing the afflicted patron of the scroll.

Ethiopian talismanic scrolls served three main functions: protection and healing of one's self, exerting external influence, and practical ritual employment.

The healing functions of these scrolls were often utilized in conjunction with homeopathic medicines. In this sense, the talismanic properties of the scroll treat the spiritual cause of an ailment, while the ingestible medicine treats the symptoms of said ailment. To invoke its healing powers, a third-party interpreter must read the scroll to the sick. This is because the majority of these artifacts are written in Ge'ez, a liturgical language with few remaining speakers. Additionally, the sick can drape the scroll around their body or neck, with the expectation that proximity would pull the affliction out of them. The scrolls are similarly worn for protection, warding off several potential threats, ranging in severity from bed bugs, to home intruders, to smallpox.

Crafted by dabtaras, each scroll is customized in accordance to a patron's astrologically derived guidelines. The scroll-making process is a ritual of its own, engendering a symbolic relationship between scroll and patron by sacrificing the animal (often goat or sheep) to represent the afflicted. In crafting this spiritually protective connection, a patron must be rubbed by and bathed in the contents of the animal. Following the parchment process, scrolls are measured and cut based on the desired function of the patron. Scrolls cut to the height of a patient provide head-to-toe protection and are typically hung around the neck or in a case, while lengthier scrolls are hung up on walls to ward off demons.

Talismanic scrolls with Islamic influence may contain apotropaic prayers drawn from the Qur'an to expel ailments and demons. Many of the verses inscribed on talismans are obtained through divinatory practices. For example, the numerical alignment of a name with an astrological sign or divination table readings are used to determine the elements incorporated in a client's scroll.

While talismanic scrolls generally had a multitude of functions, historical manuscripts display a majority use in women's health conditions: namely childbirth, menstruation, miscarriages, and infertility. This suggests a greater attentiveness to women and reproductive health, reflecting the broader context of Ethiopian life. The knowledge of Ethiopian scroll commissioners otherwise remains enigmatic.

The iconography of the scrolls includes important symbols, common colors, and the association between gaze and eyes. Talismans and representational images coexist on most scrolls.

Common figures in these scrolls are crosses and a face within an eight-pointed star. The cross is an object of veneration in Ethiopia, separating Christians from Muslims, while the eight-pointed star is a common ancient motif. The eight points refer to the four directions of the talisman's protection, while the face, known as gätsä säb' e ("face of a person") relates to the prayer that goes with the talisman. Other common symbols are X's, small checks with prayers, and angels. The scrolls also feature magic squares, ciphers, and angelic and divine names.

Gazing as a mode of activation is rooted in Islamic healing practices, and eyes play a prominent role in these talismans. Eyes may not always be depicted with other parts of the body, but they are never isolated; they fit within geometric motifs in pairs, symmetrically and obliquely, within the composition's axes. In this way, an eye can sometimes represent a whole figure. Within Ethiopian culture in general, eyes represent beauty and hold power. They also symbolize divine light that drives away the darkness of demons and disease.

The use of color in scrolls suggests a figurative logic, emphasizing a tendency to interpret seals in portrait terms. Common colors are black, white, red, blue, green, and yellow. Eyes and the ornamentation around them are frequently rimmed with red. Faces are also often painted red, a result of painters in the fifteenth century attempting to depict flesh tones through the utilization of pink ochre. On the other hand, points of stars and clothing tend to be painted blue.

Quantidade: 1 - Bíblia

African Ethiopian Coptic Leather scroll or kitab amulet - Ethiopia. - 1850

Livros

Preço de reserva

Sem preço de reserva

Comprar agora

Orçamento

Até

Data de fim

27 maio

amanhã

segunda-feira

sábado

30 maio

domingo

sexta-feira

26 maio

31 maio

quinta-feira

3 junho

Localização

França

Itália

Holanda

Reino Unido

Alemanha

Bélgica

Suíça

Espanha

Áustria

Irlanda

Israel

Grécia

Portugal

Polônia

República Tcheca

Romênia

Luxemburgo

Dinamarca

Japão

Letônia

Noruega

Estados Unidos

Bulgária

Finlândia

Hungria

Objeto

Livro

Bíblia

Livro de referência

Impressão de uma única folha

Impressão

Livro de mesa

Documento

Cartas de Tarot

Fac-símile

Revista

Romance

Cartas de baralho

Fotografia

Livro de fotografia

Ex-líbris

Roteiro turístico

Manuscrito

Jornal

Biografia

Carta autografada assinada (ALS)

Postal

Brochura

Mapa

Autobiografia

Pintura

País de origem

Material

Papel

Pele

Ouro

Plástico

Pele de caviar

Metal

Papel de arroz

Estado

Muito bom

Excelente

Razoável

Como novo

Misto / Múltiplo

Bom estado

excelente estado

Quase novo

Excelente estado

Bom estado - usado com pequenos sinais de envelhecimento e manchas

Condição razoável - muito usado e com possivelmente algumas pequenas peças em falta

Estado original

Boas condições

Extras

Extratextos

Capa dura de proteção (caixa de 5 lados)

Capa de papel protetora

Mapas ou folhas desdobráveis

Assinado

Ilustrações Coloridas à Mão

Assinado pelo autor

Assinado pelo ilustrador

Inscrição do autor

Outro - ver descrição

Período

1910-1920

1920-1930

1970-1980

1900-1910

1930-1940

1960-1970

1950-1960

1850-1900

2000-2010

1400-1420

século XVI

século XIX

1940-1950

1980-1990

1990-2000

1981-1900

1961-1980

1921-1950

1901-1920

1461-1480

século XVIII

Início do século XX

Tema

Ilustrados

Literatura

History

Viagens / exploração

Religion

Geografia

Livros infantis

Ciência

Medicina

Poesia

Filosofia

Sociologia

Culinária, comida e bebida

Ligações elegantes

História da guerra

Referência

Biografias e memórias

Política

Ficção científica e fantasia

História Natural

Cartografia

Eróticos

Interesse regional

Militar

Estilo

Renascimento

Arte nova

Surrealismo

Contemporâneo

Arte déco

Antigo

Roma Antiga

Barroco

Moderno

Egito Antigo, Primeiro Período Intermediário.

Futurismo

Cubismo

Antigo Egito, Pré-dinástico

Expressionista

Romantismo

Técnica

Gravura

Impressão de xilogravura

Impressão em papel de albumina

Gravura a água forte

Litografia

Técnica mista

Impressão em gelatina de prata

Assinatura

Placa assinada

Não assinado

Carimbado

Livros

Este objeto já não está disponível, mas ainda há muito para explorar

African Ethiopian Coptic Leather scroll or kitab amulet - Ethiopia. - 1850

Popular em Livros

2328 objetos

Coleções relacionadas